We have all heard of acids in skincare. They are among the most commonly used skincare products available. But how do you know what ones are best for your skin? With so many out there they can be super confusing. But knowing what you need and what to look for can completely change your complexion for the better. Using the correct acid can even out tone, diminish fine lines, and correct bad texture among other things. So, without further ado here is a simple breakdown of the benefits for each one. 

Citric Acid for Brightening Dull Skin:

According to research, citric acid has been observed to influence the luminosity of skin, as it interacts with melanin – the compound that is responsible for skin pigmentation. Scientists have demonstrated that fruit acids, such as citric acid, can impede the formation of melanin, resulting in a brighter complexion.

Ferulic Acid for Hyperpigmentation:

Hyperpigmentation, caused by too much melanin gathering in patches and resulting in an uneven skin tone, is a by-product of sun damage. Fortunately, ferulic acid can both shield skin from this damage and help to diminish already existing pigmentation.

Glycolic Acid for Oily Skin:

Glycolic acid is not only effective against certain bacteria but is also useful for addressing oily skin problems at their source. Due to the acid’s high permeability, it can break down bacterial cells and reduce inflammation simultaneously. It’s also great at unblocking blocked pores and decreasing the visibility of acne.

Kojic Acid for Uneven Skin Tone:

Kojic acid, another AHA, originates from the fermentation of various items such as rice wine, soy sauce, aspergillus, and penicillium fungi. This acid has become widely used for skin tone problems due to its ability to lessen the accumulation of melanin. According to research, kojic acid can help with pigmentary issues, like melasma. Its filtering properties also make it an effective sun protection agent, especially for those with uneven skin tones. 

Lactic Acid for Sensitive Skin:

Since ancient times, Egyptians have used a remedy of soured milk to bring back youthfulness and achieve a glowing complexion. Though they weren’t aware of it at the time, the milk was full of lactic acid, which is now known to be an active ingredient in AHA skin care products.

Malic Acid for Reducing Fine Lines:

Recent research has suggested that inflammation is an important factor in the aging process, and malic acid can help in this area. As we age, our bodies have difficulty repairing tissue, leading to chronic, low-grade inflammation that further damages cell tissue. Malic acid has been found to penetrate immune cells in the dermis, reducing this inflammatory response.

Oleic Acid for Dry Skin:

If your skin is on the dryer side this is acid for you. Oleic acid, otherwise known as omega-9, is an abundant fatty acid that’s found in plant and vegetable fat. Studies have demonstrated that the topical application of oleic acid can help to restore connective tissue, averting scarring and aiding in the deposit of collagen to preserve the skin’s barrier.

PHA’s (Polyhydroxy Acids) for a Milder Alternative:

For those with mild skin sensitivity, AHAs could be a good option. However, those with more sensitive skin should try PHAs. A few examples of PHAs are lactobionic, galactose, gluconolactone, and gluconic acid. These acids are quite concentrated, meaning they don’t penetrate the skin as far as AHAs and BHAs, which could be why they are believed to cause fewer irritations. 

Retinoic Acid, the All Around Wonder:

Retinoic acid is a substance that has been found to have several positive effects. It can be used for a variety of purposes and has been the subject of extensive research; its capabilities range from being able to improve the appearance of texture to helping reduce inflammation. 

Research has revealed that retinoic acid loosens the attachment between dead and healthy skin cells, rather than completely breaking them.  As a result, this promotes cell regeneration and improves the skin’s elasticity and suppleness.

Salicylic Acid for Acne Treatment:

The Journal of Experimental Dermatology considers salicylic acid to be an excellent remedy for acne. It works by softening and dissolving the outermost layer of skin, which reduces the adhesion between cells and loosens the top layer of skin cells. This unblocks pores and promotes the turnover of skin cells.

Tartaric Acid as an Antioxidant Aid:

Tartaric acid has a protective role in preserving the skin’s barrier. Not only does it function as an antioxidant that combats the accumulation of free radicals, according to research from the International Journal of Cosmetic Science, tartaric acid can help keep the skin hydrated while exfoliating and getting rid of unhealthy cells.

We hope you found a new favorite acid staple. Keep this skin acid almanac handy when picking out the best product for you!